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Description of the country:
South Africa is the 25th largest nation in the world with a total area of 1,219,090 square kilometers. The currency of South Africa is the Rand (ZAR). The region has a wide diversity of eco-regions with significant numbers of various wildlife species. The neighbouring countries are Namibia, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Botswana, Lesotho, Swaziland. The country is having 3 capitals. They are Cape Town, Pretoria, and Bloemfontein.
Geography of the country:
South Africa is located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa. The climate is mostly semiarid; subtropical along east coast; sunny days, cool nights. South Africa has two oceans, almost 3000 kilometers of coastline, and massive geography and biodiversity. The most common natural resources found are gold, chromium, antimony, coal, iron ore, manganese, nickel, phosphates, tin, rare earth elements, uranium, gem diamonds, platinum, copper, vanadium, salt, natural gas. It consists of 79.4% agricultural land, 7.6% forest area. Prince Edward Islands, which last erupted in 2004, is South Africa's only active volcano. South Africa completely surrounds Lesotho and almost completely surrounds Swaziland.
Status of economy, research and development:
South Africa has the most advanced, broad-based industrial sector on the continent. South Africa is a middle-income, emerging market with an abundant supply of natural resources; well-developed financial, legal, communications, energy, and transport sectors; and a stock exchange that is Africa’s largest and among the top 20 in the world. International Union of Toxicology (IUTOX), the Toxicology Society of South Africa (TOXSA) was established in 2001 in Stellenbosch by some one hundred interested scientists to promote and advance the study and application of toxicology in South Africa. TOXSA was admitted as a full national member society of IUTOX in 2004, having complied with all criteria of membership.
Status about the different subjects in which extensive research is going on:
In Physics, Medicine, Peace and Chemistry, South Africa produced 8 Nobel laureates so far. Numerous toxicology journals are published from South Africa with good reputation. Several leading Institution in the country including University of Cape Town, University of the Witwatersrand, Stellenbosch University, University of Pretoria, University of Johannesburg others are spreading the toxicology research. The University of Pretoria is the leading Institution in toxicology research in South Africa.